Living organisms differ considerably with respect to their ability to synthesize amino acids (AAs) and the forms of nitrogen which they may utilize for such a purpose. The higher vertebrates do not possess the ability to synthesize all the common amino acids like some of the more versatile higher plants or microorganisms like E. coli. Humans and the albino rat can make only ten (10) of twenty (20) AAs required for protein synthesis. These collectively are known as the non-essential amino acids (NEAA's), the remainder being the essential amino acids (EAAs).
Predominant Characteristics

• Liquid 100X Concentrate
• Stimulates Growth and Prolongs Cell Viability
• Commonly Used in Cell Culture System Applications and Formulations
• Relatively Long-term Storage When Handled Properly Under Defined Condition

Amino acids are the building blocks (i.e., linear chains of amino acids) of proteins, and proteins have a variety of functions such as metabolism, precursors for biosynthesis of other biological molecules, and acting as coenzymes. Proteins are critical to life and are therefore needed by every living organism. An amino acid is a molecule containing both an amine group and a carboxyl group.

Proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Next to water, proteins make up the largest portion of our body weight as they are contained in the muscles, organs, hair, nails and other body systems. Unlike fat and complex carbohydrates, the human body does not store excess amino acids as a reserve; they must be supplied in the diet every day. Concentrated supplements like MEM NEAAs 100X provide the cells with the amino acids that are made by themselves thereby reducing the overall biosynthetic burden to cell cultures in vitro.

Amino acids are incorporated into proteins. At a minimum, basal medium must contain those essential amino acids (EAA's) that cannot be synthesized by the cells including L-cysteine and L-tyrosine at a rate to meet the metabolic requirements of the cells in culture. Individual requirements vary for the cell type being cultured. Some more specialized media often have non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) added to ensure that amino acids do not limit the maximum cell concentration attainable.

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